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Strand E: Earth Materials

Adam Tofani in front of a pump-jack

Adam Tofani

Career Profiles

Offshore Completions Engineer

Adam Tofani is an Offshore Completions Engineer for Cenovus Energy.
Gold in a piece of quartz from Manitoba

Mines and Mining

Backgrounders

Learn about mines and mining in Canada

Assortment of minerals

All About Minerals

Backgrounders

Learn about the characteristics and uses of minerals.

Natalie Swanson | Géologue pétrolière

Natalie Swanson

Petroleum Geologist

Natalie Swanson is a Petroleum Geologist, located in Alberta.
Terry Penney | Directeur de l’installation extracôtière

Terry Penney

Hibernia Offshore Installation Manager

Terry Penney is the Hibernia Offshore Installation Manager for ExxonMobil.
Hamilton Street Railway bus in downtown Hamilton, Ontario © Adam E. Moreira [CC BY-SA 3.0], Wikimedia Commons

Fueling Internal Combustion Engines

Backgrounders

Learn about the wide variety of fuels used in vehicles.

People playing ice hockey

Why Do Ice Rinks Stay Frozen?

STEM Explained

Every ice rink is an example of molecular bonding and gas laws at work!

Battery of Stiger Vortex rainmaking guns at Charleville, Australia, in 1902

What is Cloud Seeding?

STEM Explained

Cloud seeding is a type of weather modification. Learn about cloud seeding, as well as its risks and benefits.

Aerial of Gas well Marcellus Shale Formation in northern West Virginia

What is Fracking?

STEM Explained

The fracking process gets natural gases out of rocks. This process can have effects on freshwater, water quality and even earthquakes!

Peyto Lake, Banff National Park

The Rock Cycle in Canada

STEM Explained

Products of the rock cycle are visible all across Canada.

Magnified image of a ringwoodite crystal

Ringwoodite and the Deep Water Cycle

STEM Explained

The water in the oceans has travelled vast distances. It has even time spent deep below the surface of the Earth, trapped inside the mineral ringwoodite.

An image showing the symbol, atomic number and relative atomic mass of sodium. Sodium’s symbol is Na, its atomic number is 11 and its relative atomic mass is approximately 22.99.  Image © istockphoto.com/3dalia

Na Na Na Na (Hey Hey Hey) Sodium!

STEM Explained

Sodium is a useful chemical element. You consume it as table salt regularly. Learn about salt mining, sodium uses, and what problems too much sodium can cause.

Daedulus crater on the Moon

Impact Craters

Backgrounders

Learn about how craters are formed and about some of Canada's impact craters.

Close-up of an amethyst geode

What is a Crystal?

STEM Explained

Learn what makes a crystal a crystal.

Jessica Vandenberghe | Directrice de l’application des règlements, APEGA

Jessica Vandenberghe

Career Profiles

Director of Enforcement

Jessica Vandenberghe is the director of enforcement at APEGA.