Pamela Livingston
Field Biologist
What is Acid Rain?
STEM Explained
Acid rain is any precipitation that has an unusually low pH. It can be rain, snow, fog, etc. But what is a low pH and why is this a problem?
Why Scientists Believe in Evolution
STEM Explained
Scientists have accumulated so much evidence in the theory of evolution that it is one of the most widely-accepted theories in science.
Why Don't Fish Freeze in Cold Arctic Waters?
STEM Explained
Ever wonder how fish survive in the cold waters of the Arctic and Antarctic? It’s partly because of a brilliant evolutionary adaptation.
What is Ocean Warming and Why Does It Matter?
STEM Explained
Oceans absorb the greatest amount of solar radiation on Earth. Ocean warming can lead to glaciers melting and ocean acidification.
What is the Greenhouse Effect?
Hands-on Activities
Explore the greenhouse effect and learn about the impacts it can have on the environment.
What makes soil hard and compacted?
Hands-on Activities
Explore how walking on soil changes how water soaks into the ground and why that matters to gardeners and farmers.
What are Carbon Offsets?
STEM Explained
Can carbon offsets help you reduce your environmental footprint, practice sustainable living and fight climate change?
What are Greenhouse Gases?
Backgrounders
This backgrounder explains what greenhouse gases are and how they contribute to climate change.
What are the best materials to use for cleaning water?
Hands-on Activities
Water is a precious natural resource. What happens if it gets polluted? Learn how water can be cleaned with this hands-on activity?
What are the Pros and Cons of Ethanol Biofuel?
STEM Explained
Biofuels like ethanol might help fight climate change. But they can contribute to food insecurity and greenhouse gases in ways that might surprise you.
Understanding the Nitrogen Cycle
STEM Explained
What is the nitrogen cycle? How do human activities such as using fertilizer affect the nitrogen cycle? How can this cause greenhouse gases?
Vegetables
Picture Collections
14 images of some plants such as carrots, cabbage and leeks whose roots, stems or leaves are used for food
The Classification of Life: From Linnaeus to DNA Barcoding
Backgrounders
Learn about two taxonomy systems that scientists use to classify the life around us.
Should Scientists Clone Extinct Species?
STEM Explained
Cloning makes it possible to bring extinct species back to life. But is that a good idea?